The History Analysis of Religious Festivals in Shakespeares Tragedy Hamlet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 809 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Literature Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? William Shakespeare was the prince of Denmark who wrote the tragedy of Hamlet as one of his most popular tragedies where he found many religious references in his book, which included the protestant and catholic. According to his poetic of Hamlet from religious point of his analysis, which is biblical, he argued out that Hamlet is rich in material of many kinds, which reflected most aspects of religious circumstances in religious era. Dutton (260) argues that the pieces of religious literature have great impact to the synopsis of Hamlet as he stressed that religious basics which are found in his tragedy creates the scheme, references and foretelling. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The History Analysis of Religious Festivals in Shakespeares Tragedy Hamlet" essay for you Create order One of the first pieces of Christian proof showed that the viewers in Hamlet are the plan of agony. In this case, I am going to discuss various acts of the play based on the religious norms. In act one of the scenes is the Ghost who says that he is not in heaven and is not in hell and during the night, he is able to disappear and in the day light he is stuck in purgatory till he is punished for his sins. The first part of the guideline in the scene, Catholic Church is understood as the dwelling place where souls are taken when the body dies. He stresses out that purgatory is where the soul compensates for its sins, which had not been acknowledged through confession, and after then it can move to heaven. The part of purgatory may be seen not of any important idea to the play but with time, the analysis provides a proof to this doubts. The full impression of purgatory, which is neither in hell nor in heaven, brings a room for the Ghost to reappear as a spirit of the dead body. When ghost returns back to the real world, He passes information to his son that he did not die from natural causes that Claudius, who is the real brother to Ghost, killed him. Therefore, it is tr ue and reality that if Ghost did not make his reappearance into the real world, through Hamlet, then he would never have been found and the cause of his death would not have been revealed to the eyes of all in the play. It is clearly known that Shakespeare did not support any of the religious practices in the play; however, he obviously made a big treaty of religious studies. He uses the knowledge of his culture and religious beliefs to influence the responses of the audience who were the targeted group initially. This may be observed by viewing how he uses Elizabethansmisperception about the religion as he uses contradictory cultures to suggest replies based in the audiences mind and the implication of the Hamlets Christian understanding. During the era of Shakespeares Hamlet performance is when there were great confusions in the minds of Elizabethans. It is by then when they had revoked the rule of protestant and gained interest and familiarity with the Christianity beliefs of catholic faith that according to their belief the spirit of Hamlets father is in purgatory (Dutton 263). This puts across that he is not in the harm side but doing penance until the time that the foul crimes purified and sins are forgiven. According to Harrison (171), this is required because he was his sins made it difficult to enter direct into the heaven and they were too light for it to be laid in hell. The Elizabethans did not know this. Though conferring to the protestants faith that purgatory never existed and any ghost was viewed as evil. This was similar to Horatios scholarly concern that ghosts were strange acts. Due to confusions, not knowing that Hamlets father was a living Ghost, the Elizabethans audience would have supported Hamlet in his decision of being sure before killing Claudius, his uncle, who murdered his father. Shakespeare uses weaknesses of the audiences to convince their responses in the play. Marotti (276) showed that he also uses conflicting culture to control their reactions. His play was written in English. According to Danish tradition, the bloodshed of th e king requires revenge as the duty spoken that Hamlet was born to fulfill the revenge. However Christian audience murder once violated, it was there was no revenge as they viewed Judgment day was the best. It was also based on the beliefs to love for the enemies and therefore bloodshed conflicted with Christian views as their values guided them in moral ways. In conclusion, the religious beliefs in this play were distinct leading to different points of view. Works Cited Dutton, Richard. Hamlet after Q1: An Uncanny History of the Shakespearean Text. Shakespeare Studies 45 (2017): 259-267. Harrison, Keith. Shakespeare Shaping in Dogme 95 Films, and Bakhtins Theory of Tragedy. Shakespeare, Bakhtin, and Film. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017. 163-186. Marotti, Arthur F. Shakespeare and Early Modern Religion. Shakespeare Studies 45 (2017): 269-280.

The Expansion And Diversification Of The Total Make Up Of...

Introduction: Over the past two decades, the issue of diversity has gained growing share and momentum in the overall literature of postsecondary education. The expansion and diversification of the total make-up of students across US colleges and universities has brought about new dimensions to the pool of subjects tackled under the umbrella of diversity. Relevant studies show that the environment on campus have an impact on students’ learning outcome (Astin, 1984), their academic performance (Tieu et al, 2009) and sense of belonging and engagement (Thompson and Caseo 2012, Zuniga et al. 2005, Bowman 2012). Creating an inclusive climate that accommodate the diverse sociocultural orientations of students empowers the institution in the first place and provides one of the core causes of success. The catastrophic events of 9/11 and the political global dynamics brought Islam as faith, identity, and personal attitude into the front. The population of students identified as Muslims, who are becoming increasingly visible within the mosaics of American cultural tapestry, have been facing multiple challenges related to defining who they are, how they are being represented, and their views of the reality they live in. In this study, I will try to examine this community of students’ understanding of diversity as they relate their experiences. The broader questions driving the study: what are Muslim students’ perceptions of diversity; do they feel that the environment is receptive toShow MoreRelatedHistory, Development And Growth : The Starbucks Corporation4307 Words   |  18 PagesWest Coast and slowly expanding to the East Coast. The company began introducing coffee in wholesale to restaurants, universities, offices, airlines, hotels, shopping malls, department stores etc. In addition, the company joined hands with companies like Pepsi-Cola to sell bottled beverages such as Frappuccino’s and DoubleShot espresso drinks. 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Angels Demons Chapter 16-19 Free Essays

16 Hundreds of miles from CERN, a voice crackled through a walkie-talkie. â€Å"Okay, I’m in the hallway.† The technician monitoring the video screens pressed the button on his transmitter. We will write a custom essay sample on Angels Demons Chapter 16-19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"You’re looking for camera #86. It’s supposed to be at the far end.† There was a long silence on the radio. The waiting technician broke a light sweat. Finally his radio clicked. â€Å"The camera isn’t here,† the voice said. â€Å"I can see where it was mounted, though. Somebody must have removed it.† The technician exhaled heavily. â€Å"Thanks. Hold on a second, will you?† Sighing, he redirected his attention to the bank of video screens in front of him. Huge portions of the complex were open to the public, and wireless cameras had gone missing before, usually stolen by visiting pranksters looking for souvenirs. But as soon as a camera left the facility and was out of range, the signal was lost, and the screen went blank. Perplexed, the technician gazed up at the monitor. A crystal clear image was still coming from camera #86. If the camera was stolen, he wondered, why are we still getting a signal? He knew, of course, there was only one explanation. The camera was still inside the complex, and someone had simply moved it. But who? And why? He studied the monitor a long moment. Finally he picked up his walkie-talkie. â€Å"Are there any closets in that stairwell? Any cupboards or dark alcoves?† The voice replying sounded confused. â€Å"No. Why?† The technician frowned. â€Å"Never mind. Thanks for your help.† He turned off his walkie-talkie and pursed his lips. Considering the small size of the video camera and the fact that it was wireless, the technician knew that camera #86 could be transmitting from just about anywhere within the heavily guarded compound – a densely packed collection of thirty-two separate buildings covering a half-mile radius. The only clue was that the camera seemed to have been placed somewhere dark. Of course, that wasn’t much help. The complex contained endless dark locations – maintenance closets, heating ducts, gardening sheds, bedroom wardrobes, even a labyrinth of underground tunnels. Camera #86 could take weeks to locate. But that’s the least of my problems, he thought. Despite the dilemma posed by the camera’s relocation, there was another far more unsettling matter at hand. The technician gazed up at the image the lost camera was transmitting. It was a stationary object. A modern-looking device like nothing the technician had ever seen. He studied the blinking electronic display at its base. Although the guard had undergone rigorous training preparing him for tense situations, he still sensed his pulse rising. He told himself not to panic. There had to be an explanation. The object appeared too small to be of significant danger. Then again, its presence inside the complex was troubling. Very troubling, indeed. Today of all days, he thought. Security was always a top priority for his employer, but today, more than any other day in the past twelve years, security was of the utmost importance. The technician stared at the object for a long time and sensed the rumblings of a distant gathering storm. Then, sweating, he dialed his superior. 17 Not many children could say they remembered the day they met their father, but Vittoria Vetra could. She was eight years old, living where she always had, Orfanotrofio di Siena, a Catholic orphanage near Florence, deserted by parents she never knew. It was raining that day. The nuns had called for her twice to come to dinner, but as always she pretended not to hear. She lay outside in the courtyard, staring up at the raindrops†¦ feeling them hit her body†¦ trying to guess where one would land next. The nuns called again, threatening that pneumonia might make an insufferably headstrong child a lot less curious about nature. I can’t hear you, Vittoria thought. She was soaked to the bone when the young priest came out to get her. She didn’t know him. He was new there. Vittoria waited for him to grab her and drag her back inside. But he didn’t. Instead, to her wonder, he lay down beside her, soaking his robes in a puddle. â€Å"They say you ask a lot of questions,† the young man said. Vittoria scowled. â€Å"Are questions bad?† He laughed. â€Å"Guess they were right.† â€Å"What are you doing out here?† â€Å"Same thing you’re doing†¦ wondering why raindrops fall.† â€Å"I’m not wondering why they fall! I already know!† The priest gave her an astonished look. â€Å"You do?† â€Å"Sister Francisca says raindrops are angels’ tears coming down to wash away our sins.† â€Å"Wow!† he said, sounding amazed. â€Å"So that explains it.† â€Å"No it doesn’t!† the girl fired back. â€Å"Raindrops fall because everything falls! Everything falls! Not just rain!† The priest scratched his head, looking perplexed. â€Å"You know, young lady, you’re right. Everything does fall. It must be gravity.† â€Å"It must be what?† He gave her an astonished look. â€Å"You haven’t heard of gravity?† â€Å"No.† The priest shrugged sadly. â€Å"Too bad. Gravity answers a lot of questions.† Vittoria sat up. â€Å"What’s gravity?† she demanded. â€Å"Tell me!† The priest gave her a wink. â€Å"What do you say I tell you over dinner.† The young priest was Leonardo Vetra. Although he had been an award-winning physics student while in university, he’d heard another call and gone into the seminary. Leonardo and Vittoria became unlikely best friends in the lonely world of nuns and regulations. Vittoria made Leonardo laugh, and he took her under his wing, teaching her that beautiful things like rainbows and the rivers had many explanations. He told her about light, planets, stars, and all of nature through the eyes of both God and science. Vittoria’s innate intellect and curiosity made her a captivating student. Leonardo protected her like a daughter. Vittoria was happy too. She had never known the joy of having a father. When every other adult answered her questions with a slap on the wrist, Leonardo spent hours showing her books. He even asked what her ideas were. Vittoria prayed Leonardo would stay with her forever. Then one day, her worst nightmare came true. Father Leonardo told her he was leaving the orphanage. â€Å"I’m moving to Switzerland,† Leonardo said. â€Å"I have a grant to study physics at the University of Geneva.† â€Å"Physics?† Vittoria cried. â€Å"I thought you loved God!† â€Å"I do, very much. Which is why I want to study his divine rules. The laws of physics are the canvas God laid down on which to paint his masterpiece.† Vittoria was devastated. But Father Leonardo had some other news. He told Vittoria he had spoken to his superiors, and they said it was okay if Father Leonardo adopted her. â€Å"Would you like me to adopt you?† Leonardo asked. â€Å"What’s adopt mean?† Vittoria said. Father Leonardo told her. Vittoria hugged him for five minutes, crying tears of joy. â€Å"Oh yes! Yes!† Leonardo told her he had to leave for a while and get their new home settled in Switzerland, but he promised to send for her in six months. It was the longest wait of Vittoria’s life, but Leonardo kept his word. Five days before her ninth birthday, Vittoria moved to Geneva. She attended Geneva International School during the day and learned from her father at night. Three years later Leonardo Vetra was hired by CERN. Vittoria and Leonardo relocated to a wonderland the likes of which the young Vittoria had never imagined. Vittoria Vetra’s body felt numb as she strode down the LHC tunnel. She saw her muted reflection in the LHC and sensed her father’s absence. Normally she existed in a state of deep calm, in harmony with the world around her. But now, very suddenly, nothing made sense. The last three hours had been a blur. It had been 10 A.M. in the Balearic Islands when Kohler’s call came through. Your father has been murdered. Come home immediately. Despite the sweltering heat on the deck of the dive boat, the words had chilled her to the bone, Kohler’s emotionless tone hurting as much as the news. Now she had returned home. But home to what? CERN, her world since she was twelve, seemed suddenly foreign. Her father, the man who had made it magical, was gone. Deep breaths, she told herself, but she couldn’t calm her mind. The questions circled faster and faster. Who killed her father? And why? Who was this American â€Å"specialist†? Why was Kohler insisting on seeing the lab? Kohler had said there was evidence that her father’s murder was related to the current project. What evidence? Nobody knew what we were working on! And even if someone found out, why would they kill him? As she moved down the LHC tunnel toward her father’s lab, Vittoria realized she was about to unveil her father’s greatest achievement without him there. She had pictured this moment much differently. She had imagined her father calling CERN’s top scientists to his lab, showing them his discovery, watching their awestruck faces. Then he would beam with fatherly pride as he explained to them how it had been one of Vittoria’s ideas that had helped him make the project a reality†¦ that his daughter had been integral in his breakthrough. Vittoria felt a lump in her throat. My father and I were supposed to share this moment together. But here she was alone. No colleagues. No happy faces. Just an American stranger and Maximilian Kohler. Maximilian Kohler. Der Konig. Even as a child, Vittoria had disliked the man. Although she eventually came to respect his potent intellect, his icy demeanor always seemed inhuman, the exact antithesis of her father’s warmth. Kohler pursued science for its immaculate logic†¦ her father for its spiritual wonder. And yet oddly there had always seemed to be an unspoken respect between the two men. Genius, someone had once explained to her, accepts genius unconditionally. Genius, she thought. My father†¦ Dad. Dead. The entry to Leonardo Vetra’s lab was a long sterile hallway paved entirely in white tile. Langdon felt like he was entering some kind of underground insane asylum. Lining the corridor were dozens of framed, black-and-white images. Although Langdon had made a career of studying images, these were entirely alien to him. They looked like chaotic negatives of random streaks and spirals. Modern art? he mused. Jackson Pollock on amphetamines? â€Å"Scatter plots,† Vittoria said, apparently noting Langdon’s interest. â€Å"Computer representations of particle collisions. That’s the Z-particle,† she said, pointing to a faint track that was almost invisible in the confusion. â€Å"My father discovered it five years ago. Pure energy – no mass at all. It may well be the smallest building block in nature. Matter is nothing but trapped energy.† Matter is energy? Langdon cocked his head. Sounds pretty Zen. He gazed at the tiny streak in the photograph and wondered what his buddies in the Harvard physics department would say when he told them he’d spent the weekend hanging out in a Large Hadron Collider admiring Z-particles. â€Å"Vittoria,† Kohler said, as they approached the lab’s imposing steel door, â€Å"I should mention that I came down here this morning looking for your father.† Vittoria flushed slightly. â€Å"You did?† â€Å"Yes. And imagine my surprise when I discovered he had replaced CERN’s standard keypad security with something else.† Kohler motioned to an intricate electronic device mounted beside the door. â€Å"I apologize,† she said. â€Å"You know how he was about privacy. He didn’t want anyone but the two of us to have access.† Kohler said, â€Å"Fine. Open the door.† Vittoria stood a long moment. Then, pulling a deep breath, she walked to the mechanism on the wall. Langdon was in no way prepared for what happened next. Vittoria stepped up to the device and carefully aligned her right eye with a protruding lens that looked like a telescope. Then she pressed a button. Inside the machine, something clicked. A shaft of light oscillated back and forth, scanning her eyeball like a copy machine. â€Å"It’s a retina scan,† she said. â€Å"Infallible security. Authorized for two retina patterns only. Mine and my father’s.† Robert Langdon stood in horrified revelation. The image of Leonardo Vetra came back in grisly detail – the bloody face, the solitary hazel eye staring back, and the empty eye socket. He tried to reject the obvious truth, but then he saw it†¦ beneath the scanner on the white tile floor†¦ faint droplets of crimson. Dried blood. Vittoria, thankfully, did not notice. The steel door slid open and she walked through. Kohler fixed Langdon with an adamant stare. His message was clear: As I told you†¦ the missing eye serves a higher purpose. 18 The woman’s hands were tied, her wrists now purple and swollen from chafing. The mahogany-skinned Hassassin lay beside her, spent, admiring his naked prize. He wondered if her current slumber was just a deception, a pathetic attempt to avoid further service to him. He did not care. He had reaped sufficient reward. Sated, he sat up in bed. In his country women were possessions. Weak. Tools of pleasure. Chattel to be traded like livestock. And they understood their place. But here, in Europe, women feigned a strength and independence that both amused and excited him. Forcing them into physical submission was a gratification he always enjoyed. Now, despite the contentment in his loins, the Hassassin sensed another appetite growing within him. He had killed last night, killed and mutilated, and for him killing was like heroin†¦ each encounter satisfying only temporarily before increasing his longing for more. The exhilaration had worn off. The craving had returned. He studied the sleeping woman beside him. Running his palm across her neck, he felt aroused with the knowledge that he could end her life in an instant. What would it matter? She was subhuman, a vehicle only of pleasure and service. His strong fingers encircled her throat, savoring her delicate pulse. Then, fighting desire, he removed his hand. There was work to do. Service to a higher cause than his own desire. As he got out of bed, he reveled in the honor of the job before him. He still could not fathom the influence of this man named Janus and the ancient brotherhood he commanded. Wondrously, the brotherhood had chosen him. Somehow they had learned of his loathing†¦ and of his skills. How, he would never know. Their roots reach wide. Now they had bestowed on him the ultimate honor. He would be their hands and their voice. Their assassin and their messenger. The one his people knew as Malak al-haq – the Angel of Truth. 19 Vetra’s lab was wildly futuristic. Stark white and bounded on all sides by computers and specialized electronic equipment, it looked like some sort of operating room. Langdon wondered what secrets this place could possibly hold to justify cutting out someone’s eye to gain entrance. Kohler looked uneasy as they entered, his eyes seeming to dart about for signs of an intruder. But the lab was deserted. Vittoria moved slowly too†¦ as if the lab felt unknown without her father there. Langdon’s gaze landed immediately in the center of the room, where a series of short pillars rose from the floor. Like a miniature Stonehenge, a dozen or so columns of polished steel stood in a circle in the middle of the room. The pillars were about three feet tall, reminding Langdon of museum displays for valuable gems. These pillars, however, were clearly not for precious stones. Each supported a thick, transparent canister about the size of a tennis ball can. They appeared empty. Kohler eyed the canisters, looking puzzled. He apparently decided to ignore them for the time being. He turned to Vittoria. â€Å"Has anything been stolen?† â€Å"Stolen? How?† she argued. â€Å"The retina scan only allows entry to us.† â€Å"Just look around.† Vittoria sighed and surveyed the room for a few moments. She shrugged. â€Å"Everything looks as my father always leaves it. Ordered chaos.† Langdon sensed Kohler weighing his options, as if wondering how far to push Vittoria†¦ how much to tell her. Apparently he decided to leave it for the moment. Moving his wheelchair toward the center of the room, he surveyed the mysterious cluster of seemingly empty canisters. â€Å"Secrets,† Kohler finally said, â€Å"are a luxury we can no longer afford.† Vittoria nodded in acquiescence, looking suddenly emotional, as if being here brought with it a torrent of memories. Give her a minute, Langdon thought. As though preparing for what she was about to reveal, Vittoria closed her eyes and breathed. Then she breathed again. And again. And again†¦ Langdon watched her, suddenly concerned. Is she okay? He glanced at Kohler, who appeared unfazed, apparently having seen this ritual before. Ten seconds passed before Vittoria opened her eyes. Langdon could not believe the metamorphosis. Vittoria Vetra had been transformed. Her full lips were lax, her shoulders down, and her eyes soft and assenting. It was as though she had realigned every muscle in her body to accept the situation. The resentful fire and personal anguish had been quelled somehow beneath a deeper, watery cool. â€Å"Where to begin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she said, her accent unruffled. â€Å"At the beginning,† Kohler said. â€Å"Tell us about your father’s experiment.† â€Å"Rectifying science with religion has been my father’s life dream,† Vittoria said. â€Å"He hoped to prove that science and religion are two totally compatible fields – two different approaches to finding the same truth.† She paused as if unable to believe what she was about to say. â€Å"And recently†¦ he conceived of a way to do that.† Kohler said nothing. â€Å"He devised an experiment, one he hoped would settle one of the most bitter conflicts in the history of science and religion.† Langdon wondered which conflict she could mean. There were so many. â€Å"Creationism,† Vittoria declared. â€Å"The battle over how the universe came to be.† Oh, Langdon thought. The debate. â€Å"The Bible, of course, states that God created the universe,† she explained. â€Å"God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and everything we see appeared out of a vast emptiness. Unfortunately, one of the fundamental laws of physics states that matter cannot be created out of nothing.† Langdon had read about this stalemate. The idea that God allegedly created â€Å"something from nothing† was totally contrary to accepted laws of modern physics and therefore, scientists claimed, Genesis was scientifically absurd. â€Å"Mr. Langdon,† Vittoria said, turning, â€Å"I assume you are familiar with the Big Bang Theory?† Langdon shrugged. â€Å"More or less.† The Big Bang, he knew, was the scientifically accepted model for the creation of the universe. He didn’t really understand it, but according to the theory, a single point of intensely focused energy erupted in a cataclysmic explosion, expanding outward to form the universe. Or something like that. Vittoria continued. â€Å"When the Catholic Church first proposed the Big Bang Theory in 1927, the – â€Å" â€Å"I’m sorry?† Langdon interrupted, before he could stop himself. â€Å"You say the Big Bang was a Catholic idea?† Vittoria looked surprised by his question â€Å"Of course. Proposed by a Catholic monk, Georges Lematre in 1927.† â€Å"But, I thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he hesitated. â€Å"Wasn’t the Big Bang proposed by Harvard astronomer Edwin Hubble?† Kohler glowered. â€Å"Again, American scientific arrogance. Hubble published in 1929, two years after Lematre.† Langdon scowled. It’s called the Hubble Telescope, sir – I’ve never heard of any Lematre Telescope! â€Å"Mr. Kohler is right,† Vittoria said, â€Å"the idea belonged to Lematre. Hubble only confirmed it by gathering the hard evidence that proved the Big Bang was scientifically probable.† â€Å"Oh,† Langdon said, wondering if the Hubble-fanatics in the Harvard Astronomy Department ever mentioned Lematre in their lectures. â€Å"When Lematre first proposed the Big Bang Theory,† Vittoria continued, â€Å"scientists claimed it was utterly ridiculous. Matter, science said, could not be created out of nothing. So, when Hubble shocked the world by scientifically proving the Big Bang was accurate, the church claimed victory, heralding this as proof that the Bible was scientifically accurate. The divine truth.† Langdon nodded, focusing intently now. â€Å"Of course scientists did not appreciate having their discoveries used by the church to promote religion, so they immediately mathematicized the Big Bang Theory, removed all religious overtones, and claimed it as their own. Unfortunately for science, however, their equations, even today, have one serious deficiency that the church likes to point out.† Kohler grunted. â€Å"The singularity.† He spoke the word as if it were the bane of his existence. â€Å"Yes, the singularity,† Vittoria said. â€Å"The exact moment of creation. Time zero.† She looked at Langdon. â€Å"Even today, science cannot grasp the initial moment of creation. Our equations explain the early universe quite effectively, but as we move back in time, approaching time zero, suddenly our mathematics disintegrates, and everything becomes meaningless.† â€Å"Correct,† Kohler said, his voice edgy, â€Å"and the church holds up this deficiency as proof of God’s miraculous involvement. Come to your point.† Vittoria’s expression became distant. â€Å"My point is that my father had always believed in God’s involvement in the Big Bang. Even though science was unable to comprehend the divine moment of creation, he believed someday it would.† She motioned sadly to a laser-printed memo tacked over her father’s work area. â€Å"My dad used to wave that in my face every time I had doubts.† Langdon read the message: Science and religion are not at odds. Science is simply too young to understand. â€Å"My dad wanted to bring science to a higher level,† Vittoria said, â€Å"where science supported the concept of God.† She ran a hand through her long hair, looking melancholy. â€Å"He set out to do something no scientist had ever thought to do. Something that no one has ever had the technology to do.† She paused, as though uncertain how to speak the next words. â€Å"He designed an experiment to prove Genesis was possible.† Prove Genesis? Langdon wondered. Let there be light? Matter from nothing? Kohler’s dead gaze bore across the room. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"My father created a universe†¦ from nothing at all.† Kohler snapped his head around. â€Å"What!† â€Å"Better said, he recreated the Big Bang.† Kohler looked ready to jump to his feet. Langdon was officially lost. Creating a universe? Recreating the Big Bang? â€Å"It was done on a much smaller scale, of course,† Vittoria said, talking faster now. â€Å"The process was remarkably simple. He accelerated two ultrathin particle beams in opposite directions around the accelerator tube. The two beams collided head-on at enormous speeds, driving into one another and compressing all their energy into a single pinpoint. He achieved extreme energy densities.† She started rattling off a stream of units, and the director’s eyes grew wider. Langdon tried to keep up. So Leonardo Vetra was simulating the compressed point of energy from which the universe supposedly sprang. â€Å"The result,† Vittoria said, â€Å"was nothing short of wondrous. When it is published, it will shake the very foundation of modern physics.† She spoke slowly now, as though savoring the immensity of her news. â€Å"Without warning, inside the accelerator tube, at this point of highly focused energy, particles of matter began appearing out of nowhere.† Kohler made no reaction. He simply stared. â€Å"Matter,† Vittoria repeated. â€Å"Blossoming out of nothing. An incredible display of subatomic fireworks. A miniature universe springing to life. He proved not only that matter can be created from nothing, but that the Big Bang and Genesis can be explained simply by accepting the presence of an enormous source of energy.† â€Å"You mean God?† Kohler demanded. â€Å"God, Buddha, The Force, Yahweh, the singularity, the unicity point – call it whatever you like – the result is the same. Science and religion support the same truth – pure energy is the father of creation.† When Kohler finally spoke, his voice was somber. â€Å"Vittoria, you have me at a loss. It sounds like you’re telling me your father created matter†¦ out of nothing?† â€Å"Yes.† Vittoria motioned to the canisters. â€Å"And there is the proof. In those canisters are specimens of the matter he created.† Kohler coughed and moved toward the canisters like a wary animal circling something he instinctively sensed was wrong. â€Å"I’ve obviously missed something,† he said. â€Å"How do you expect anyone to believe these canisters contain particles of matter your father actually created? They could be particles from anywhere at all.† â€Å"Actually,† Vittoria said, sounding confident, â€Å"they couldn’t. These particles are unique. They are a type of matter that does not exist anywhere on earth†¦ hence they had to be created.† Kohler’s expression darkened. â€Å"Vittoria, what do you mean a certain type of matter? There is only one type of matter, and it – † Kohler stopped short. Vittoria’s expression was triumphant. â€Å"You’ve lectured on it yourself, director. The universe contains two kinds of matter. Scientific fact.† Vittoria turned to Langdon. â€Å"Mr. Langdon, what does the Bible say about the Creation? What did God create?† Langdon felt awkward, not sure what this had to do with anything. â€Å"Um, God created†¦ light and dark, heaven and hell – â€Å" â€Å"Exactly,† Vittoria said. â€Å"He created everything in opposites. Symmetry. Perfect balance.† She turned back to Kohler. â€Å"Director, science claims the same thing as religion, that the Big Bang created everything in the universe with an opposite.† â€Å"Including matter itself,† Kohler whispered, as if to himself. Vittoria nodded. â€Å"And when my father ran his experiment, sure enough, two kinds of matter appeared.† Langdon wondered what this meant. Leonardo Vetra created matter’s opposite? Kohler looked angry. â€Å"The substance you’re referring to only exists elsewhere in the universe. Certainly not on earth. And possibly not even in our galaxy!† â€Å"Exactly,† Vittoria replied, â€Å"which is proof that the particles in these canisters had to be created.† Kohler’s face hardened. â€Å"Vittoria, surely you can’t be saying those canisters contain actual specimens?† â€Å"I am.† She gazed proudly at the canisters. â€Å"Director, you are looking at the world’s first specimens of antimatter.† How to cite Angels Demons Chapter 16-19, Essay examples

Space Exploration (900 words) Essay Example For Students

Space Exploration (900 words) Essay Space ExplorationSpace ExplorationSince the beginning of time, man has beenfascinated with the stars and sky. From the time the first man tookhis first step on the moon, space exploration has been growing and expanding. More and more people are coming up with new ways on how to study the universe. Hence, the more time spent on studying the sky, the more that we will obviouslyknow. So, it would be safe to say that now is a great time to continuethe exploration of space. The 1990s contributed to the study ofspace with new technology, intelligent astronauts, and future ideas. During the 1990s new technology and spacecrafts were introduced. There have been numerous space launches throughoutthis decade that made great impacts on the exploration of space. For example, On June 26, 1995, the Space Shuttle Atlantis embarked ona rendezvous with Russian space station Mir during a ten day mission onSTS-71 (Shipman 65). Cosmonauts were transferred to and fromAtlantis, and Astronaut Norman Thagard was returned from Mir, having arrivedon Soyuz-TM 21, and made a new American space endurance record of 115 days. This was huge for the astronomical community because of the increase inthe length of space voyages. Also, On December 7, 1995, the Galileospacecraft arrived at Jupiter, performing an orbit while dropping a probeinto the atmosphere, and put a satellite into orbit, which will spent thenext two years orbiting the planet (Shipman 72). This wasimportant because it spent a significant amount of time researching theatmosphere and celestial bodies. It was able to make numerous observationsduring this time. Lastly, NASA launched the first in the Discoveryseries of spacecraft, the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft,aboard a Delta II-7925-8 rocket on February 17, 1996 (Shipman 85). This rocket explored the asteroids nearest the earth and discovered manyinteresting facts regarding them. However, this couldnt all be accomplishedwithout the help of many talented people. Many astronauts contributed to space exploration. Since there are numerous people that offered their talents to the program,it would be arduous to mention them all. Thus, only four importantexamples will be given of people that work for the space program. The first is James P. Bagian. James is a member of the AerospaceMedicine Association, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, andthe Society of NASA Flight Surgeons. He worked as a flight surgeonand medical officer at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, a NASA astronaut,and an Astronaut Office Coordinator. Under this title, he plannedemergency medical and rescue support for the first six shuttle flights. He has spent a total of 337 hours in space and served on the Crew of STS-40Spacelab Life Sciences, which is the first dedicated life sciences mission. (Jasani 113). Another famous astronaut is Tamara E. Jenigan. She participated in the American Astronomical Association. Even thoughher experience isnt as vast as James, she still contributed in her ownway. She served as a research scientist in the Theoretical StudiesBranch and performed software verification and spacecraft communication. She was the Deputy Chief of Astronaut Office and Assistant for the Stationto the Chief of the Astronaut Office. She also embarked on many spaceflights on the Space Shuttle Colombia and the S.S. Endeavour. (Jasani234). Phillippe Perin, another NASA astronaut of the 1990s, didmany exciting things as well. He participated in 26 combat missions,and completed more than 2500 flying hours in space. He had technicalduties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft Systems/Operations Branch. .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .postImageUrl , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:hover , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:visited , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:active { border:0!important; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:active , .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478 .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21262f5440bfe6d617d1c15f6222f478:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Biblical analysis on genesis and exodus EssayAnd, on top of all of this, he was a mission specialist. (Jasani265). The last astronaut mentioned is Jeffrey N. Williams. He participated in many organization, however his most recognized is theSociety of Experimental Test Pilots. He also partook in many armyassignments including being an aeroscout platoon leader. He was involvedin the shuttle launch and landing operations and was an engineer pilotin the Shuttle Avionics Integration Lab. Also, he was named the Chiefof the Operations Development Office. This led to his involvementin the technical duties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft System/OperationsBranch. And, it was these people that came up with ideas for thefuture. (Jasani 288). The 1990s brought about many future ideas. While there are many different organizations that contribute to the futuretechnology of space, NASA probably does the most. Under thisorganization, the Advanced Space Transportation Program supports the long-rangebasic research. This consists of airframe propulsion and long-termspace transportation research. They have put forth many ideas. One example of this is the rocket engine. This would consume oxygenin the air and store liquid oxygen when it leaves the atmosphere (Glennand Robinson 72). Hence, there would be significant savingsbecause not as much propellant would be required to make it run. Another idea would be to launch rockets into space using laser beams. Laser Propulsion testing indicates a viable way to reduce money of sendingmen into space. Lastly, the Solar Thermal Propulsion is another ideafor the future of space exploration. This would propel vehicles throughspace and significantly reduces weight, complexity, and money (Glenn andRobinson 104). In conclusion, space exploration in the1990s has contributed a lot to the space age. With many new intelligentastronauts exploring the atmosphere and planets, the planetary scienceskeep growing and growing. In fact, they keep continuing to add newideas and inventions to the field. Also, more and more future ideasare being offered to make great improvements in the study. Hence,the 1990s were a great year for the planetary scientists. However,more new inventions and ideas are still to come.