What is the best nursing intervention to prevent urinary tract Essay

What is the best nursing intervention to prevent urinary tract infection for older people - Essay Example Very few of the nursing interventions have been studied and proven to be safe and useful to the patient. The paper will mainly focus on the best available evidencesupporting nursing interventions for the elderly that suffer from incontinence and urinary tract infections. Older people will be the main focus because of their vulnerability to infections (Miller, 2008) and the care provided to them. Definitions of both terms will be provided and an analysis of each will be done based on the best nursing interventions. Protocols and policies concerning the prevention of urinary tract infections will be looked at and of major interests will be examined from a range of countries. The subject is very important because it provides an insight into the issues concerning incontinence and urinary tract infection in the elderly adults. It also provides information of the best nursing practices that can be used in the prevention of these conditions and provide a future plan for the control and prevention of such conditions. Incontinence is a very common, disturbing and potentially immobilizing condition in the elderly or geriatric population. Incontinence can be defined as an involuntary loss of the stool or urine in adequate quantities or frequency to comprise a health and/or a social problem (Vieria, 2009). The condition is heterogeneous and it varies in severity from the occasional incidents of trickling small quantities of urine to a continuous urinary incontinence and associated fecal incontinence (Abrass, Kane and Ouslander, 2004). Older persons with incontinence are not usually severely bedridden, demented or in the nursing homes. Many of these patients in the community and in the institutions are ambulatory and their mental functioning is good (Abrass, Kane and Ouslander, 2004). Incontinence has impact on the self-esteem of the patient and there is the usual fear of soiling or wetting during a sexual intercourse and this has a

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) Assignment

Federal Fairfax ACt (H.R 25 and S13) and SCFarifax Act (H-3993) - Assignment Example The idea behind this legislation is that it seeks to simplify the current tax code, expand home ownership, un-tax the poor, improve global competitiveness, promote higher education and charitable giving and create more jobs. The underlying assumption was that consumption provides a more stable and fairer base for taxation than income. The bill has conveniently been called â€Å"A bill to promote freedom, fairness and economic opportunity by repealing the income tax and other taxes, abolishing the internal Revenue Service and enacting a national sales tax to be administered primarily by the states.† The Fair-Tax plan is a comprehensive proposal that replaces all federal income and payroll-based taxes with an integrated approach including a progressive National Retail Sales Tax (NRST) and a prebate to ensure that no American citizen pays federal taxes on spending up to the poverty level, dollar-for-dollar federal revenue neutrality and through companion legislation, the repeal of the 16th Amendment. The proposed Fair-Tax would be a broad-based, destination type consumption tax with statutory tax liability on final consumers and tax collection in the hands of sellers of goods and services to these consumers. The tax base would include all supplies of goods and services, which would mean a substantial enlargement compared to the tax base of the current state sales and use taxes. It promotes neutrality as tax cascading is prevented by taxing all final consumption of goods and services and by exempting business inputs. Under the fair tax act, the IRS will be disbanded and in its place a new excise tax bureau established within the department of treasury to collect remaining excise taxes. The social security administration would collect Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes. The NRST would collect the revenue services of the individual states. It